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- AnselmÆs Philosophy - Sophomore Paper
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- Anselm=s definition of AGod@ starts by saying that God is the greatest being we
- can possibly think of. When Anselm states this, it essentially means that it is not possible
- to think of a being greater than God. Anselm also states that if God is the greatest thinkable
- being, he is referring to the fact that it would be impossible to imagine or to create in ones
- mind someone or something being better than God. Therefore, it would be impossible to
- say that God only exists in ones mind because it is much greater to exist in reality than it is
- to exist only in ones mind. Anselm then suggests that God has many attributes which
- describe him. Among these being: self-existent, a necessary being, omnipotent,
- omniscient, completely just and timelessly eternal. After reading the Proslogion by
- Anselm, it gave me a greater understanding of these attributes listed above. Although, they
- are all of equal importance, I feel the most prominent of God=s attributes is the fact that
- he is self existent. In essence, that means that God depends on nothing else for his
- existence, he is uncaused. Therefore, his existence is timelessly-eternal. This means that
- God cannot stop existing. On the other hand, contingent beings (such as ourselves) depend
- on something else for their existence. One example of this is, that as a child we utterly
- depended on our parents for food, clothing, and shelter. Contingent beings therefore can
- begin to be or cease to be at anytime. They can, unlike God, be here today and gone
- tomorrow.
- Anselm uses the definition of God (the ontological argument), in which I have
- described above, to prove God=s existence. As I mentioned, Anselm believes that God is
- the greatest being we can possibly think of. He does this by first trying to prove the
- opposite of what he really wants to prove. For example, lets suppose God does not exist in
- reality. We then could think of something greater, a being that has all the same virtuous
- characteristics as we think God as having, but also being able to exist in reality. He then
- tries to prove that this supposition leads to a conclusion which cannot possibly be true.
- Then the original God would not actually be the greatest thinkable being, this new
- something else, that actually exists would be. This new God which actually exists would
- then be able to be seen, heard and touched by the individuals who believe he exists as the
- greatest thinkable being. Nevertheless, it is obviously impossible that the greatest being we
- can think of should not be the greatest being we can think of. Therefore, the conclusion that
- God does not exist must be false. Anselm then believes that the opposite of this
- supposition must then be true. A perfect God must actually must exist in reality.
- Otherwise, God would not be totally perfect. Existence is perfection. AIt is one thing for
- something to exist in a persons thought and quite another for the person to think that thing
- to exist.@ (Anselm Chapter 2) A modern day example of Anselm=s theory is that if I can
- really imagine a perfect girl for me. This girl would actually exist somewhere in the world.
- A girl with all of the best qualities that I can possibly imagine someone as having. She
- would be everything that I am looking for. According to Anselm=s beliefs, she would most
- defiantly exist. AFor if it exists only in the understanding , it can be thought to exist in
- reality as well, which is greater.@ (Anselm p.380 Chap.2)
- Anselm uses God=s definition to argue that God cannot be thought not to exist.
- Anselm does this by stating that God cannot even be thought not to exist, not only is his
- existence a fact but his non-existence is completely impossible. He confirms this by
- saying AAnd indeed whatever exists except you alone can be thought of as not existing. You
- alone of all things most truly exists and thus enjoy existence to the fullest degree of all
- things, because nothing else exists so undoubtedly, and thus everything else enjoys being in
- a lesser degree.@ (Anselm Chapter 3) The nonexistence of all other beings is possible, but
- when it comes to the nonexistence of the most perfect thinkable being, it is not possible.
- The argument for God=s existence is very similar to the argument that it is impossible for
- one to believe that God does not exist.
- After reading Anselm=s ontological argument, I had a difficult time debating
- whether I believed his theories justified God=s existence. Basically, I came to the
- conclusion that Anselm has not thoroughly proven his theories to be true. Also, after
- reading Gaunilo=s Reply on Behalf of The Fool, it greatly confirmed my doubts and
- uncertainties about Anselm=s ontological theories. Gaunilo did a superb job at dissecting
- each of Anselm=s theories, point by point. He did this best by using strong arguments and
- explicit examples. The most powerful example Gaunilo used to discredit Anselm was the
- theory of Athe Lost Island.@ This example is basically about an island (somewhere in the
- ocean) which is said to be Amore plentifully endowed than even the Isles of the Blessed
- with indescribable abundance of all riches and delights.@ (Anselm p.396) If someone
- should tell me such a story, I would find it rather easy to understand what the story teller
- was saying. I could even almost picture what this island would look like. But if this
- storyteller went on to say that this island actually exists without a doubt, AI would have a
- hard time deciding who is the bigger fool, me if I believe him or him if he thinks he has
- proved its existence@ (Anselm p.396) According to Anselm=s theory, Anselm would most
- likely believe that the island exists in reality. But, I tend to agree with Gaunilo when he says
- Ait must be proved to me by some unassailable argument that this being merely needs to be
- thought in order for the understanding to perceive with complete certainty that it
- undoubtedly exists.@ (Anselm p.394) Furthermore, to get a better understanding of
- Anselm=s theories, I believe the wording needs to be tightened up. When that is done, it
- brings out many contradicting statements within his theory. In which case, Anselm=s
- philosophy tends to lose much of its credibility. An example of one of these contradictions
- is when Anselm says Aa being existing in reality is greater than to exist only in the
- understanding. Now if another being exists only in the understanding, then whatever also
- exists in reality is greater than it. Thus, that which is greater than everything else will be
- less than something, and not greater than everything else. @ (Anselm P.394) I also believe
- there are three additional major flaws within Anselm=s theory. The first being, that
- Anselm=s theory states that God is everything to everyone. I find this hard to believe
- because each and every individual has a different view of how he or she perceives God. I
- believe this all starts with Anselm=s vague definition of God (he is the greatest being we
- can possibly think of) mearly because many different people have many different views of
- God. Within our society there are no two individuals whom are exactly alike. Therefore,
- each unique individual develops his or her own specific beliefs and perception of God. As
- children we are taught religious beliefs through our families, but we do not necessarily have
- to accept nor follow these beliefs once we get older. Typically, as we grow into adulthood,
- we develop our own beliefs. I believe there are no two individuals who will give God the
- same exact attributes and if two different individuals give God opposing attributes, it is
- impossible for God to exist. It would be impossible for God to be everything to everyone.
- For example, one may believe that God is a forgiving being, while another may believe that
- God punishes beings for doing wrong. By Anselm=s definition, God can=t have both
- attributes. A final problem that I have with Anselm=s philosophy is that he believes that if
- you can imagine something existing then it defiantly does exist. In the book Anselm=s
- critics state Athat someone who does not know the meaning of the word, who thinks only
- of the impression made on his mind by hearing the word and tries to imagine its meaning.@
- (Anselm P. 395) There is no way to use a word such as God as a being or an existence
- because I believe that everyone has a different definition. I can understand the words
- Agreatest possible being@ but understanding this does not necessarily mean that such a
- being exists. For example, I understand the words Aflying car@, but we all know that there
- are no flying cars. But Anselm argues that AI have the concept of this being in my mind,
- therefore this being exists.@ (Anselm p.395) I believe that this is where Anselm takes a
- giant leap of faith.
- In conclusion to whether Anselm=s definition of God gives actual proof of God=s
- existence, I believe that the only way to believe that God actually exists is by having true
- faith in him. Although, Anselm gives many possible reasons for God=s existence. Most of
- these reasons are rather vague and unbelievable.
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